Data Analytics Tutorials
All tutorials
116 free tutorials, in the order we recommend reading them.
Python Tutorial · Python Introduction
Getting Started with Python: Try It Online, Then Install It
Run Python in your browser right now, then install Python and VS Code on Windows, macOS or Ubuntu step by step and run your first .py file with confidence.
Your First Python Program: print(), Order and Error Messages
Write your first Python program step by step: how print() works, why code runs top to bottom, sep and end, and how to read beginner error messages calmly.
Python Comments: Single-line, Multi-line and Docstrings
How Python comments work: the # symbol, inline and multi-line comments, docstrings, commenting out code to debug, and habits that keep scripts clear.
Python Keywords and Identifiers: Rules, List and Examples
Learn Python's 35 keywords, the four soft keywords and the naming rules for identifiers, with runnable checks and examples taken from real data sheets.
Python Virtual Environments and pip: A Beginner's Setup Guide
Create a Python virtual environment with venv, install pandas with pip and share a requirements.txt, with steps for Windows, macOS and Linux.
Python Tutorial · Python Fundamentals
Python Variables and Literals: Assignment, Types and Examples
Learn how Python variables work as names for values, how assignment and reassignment behave, and every kind of literal: numbers, strings, booleans and None.
Python Type Conversion: Implicit vs Explicit Casting Guide
Python type conversion explained: when Python converts types for you, how int(), float(), str() and bool() cast values, and how to clean numbers in text.
Python Input and Output: input(), print() and f-strings
Learn Python input and output: read user input with input(), convert it to numbers safely, and format clean reports with print() and f-strings, with examples.
Python Operators: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical and More
Learn every Python operator family with runnable examples: arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, membership and identity, plus the precedence rules.
Python Numbers and the math Module: int, float and Rounding
Understand Python int, float and complex numbers, why 0.1 + 0.2 is not 0.3, how round() really works, and the math functions analysts use daily.
Python Strings and String Methods: Slicing, split and strip
Learn Python strings with indexing, slicing and the string methods analysts use to clean names, cities, phone numbers and product codes in real data.
Python String Formatting with f-strings: Decimals, Commas, %
Format numbers, percentages, rupees, dates and aligned report tables with Python f-strings, plus the format spec mini-language and lakh-style commas.
Python Tutorial · Python Flow Control
Python if...else Statement: if, elif, else with Examples
Learn Python if, if-else and if-elif-else with flowcharts and runnable examples: conditions, indentation, nested if, one-line if-else and beginner traps.
Python for Loop: range(), enumerate(), zip() with Examples
Learn the Python for loop step by step: looping over lists and strings, range(), running totals, enumerate(), zip(), nested loops and the mistakes to avoid.
Python while Loop: Syntax, break, else and Infinite Loops
Learn the Python while loop with flowcharts and runnable examples: counters, break and while-else, avoiding infinite loops, and when to use for instead.
Python break, continue and pass Statements with Examples
Learn when to use break, continue and pass in Python loops, with flow diagrams, for-else searches, nested loops and data-cleaning examples you can run.
Python match-case Statement: Structural Pattern Matching
Learn Python match-case (3.10+): literal, OR, capture, sequence and dictionary patterns, guards and the wildcard, with examples that route real data records.
Python Tutorial · Python Data Structures
Python Lists: Create, Index, Slice and Modify (with Examples)
Learn Python lists step by step: indexing, slicing, append, extend, insert, pop and remove, copying without surprises, and nested lists for table-like data.
Python Tuples: Immutable Sequences, Unpacking and Use Cases
Learn Python tuples: creating them, immutability, unpacking and star unpacking, tuple keys for grouped totals, and when to pick a tuple over a list.
Python Sets: Union, Intersection, Difference and Fast Lookups
Learn Python sets with sales examples: removing duplicates, add and discard, union, intersection and difference, fast membership tests and frozenset.
Python Dictionaries: Keys, Values, get(), Loops and Grouping
Learn Python dictionaries with sales data: create and update dicts, get() vs [], loop with items(), count and group rows, merge with |, and nest records.
Python List Comprehension: Syntax, if-else, Dict and Set Forms
Learn Python list comprehension step by step: map and filter in one line, if-else inside, dict and set comprehensions, nested loops and when to use a loop.
Sorting in Python: sorted() vs sort(), key Functions and Ranks
Learn sorting in Python with sales data: sorted() vs list.sort(), reverse, key functions, sorting dicts by value, multi-column sorts and stable sorting.
Python collections Module: Counter, defaultdict and deque
Learn the Python collections module with analyst examples: Counter for counts, defaultdict for grouping, namedtuple records, deque windows and ChainMap.
Python Tutorial · Python Functions and Modules
Python Functions: def, return, Docstrings and Reusable Code
Learn Python functions from scratch: define with def, call them, return values instead of printing, return several results, write docstrings and test helpers.
Python Function Arguments: Positional, Keyword and Default
Learn Python function arguments: positional vs keyword, default values, the mutable default trap, keyword-only and positional-only parameters, with examples.
Python *args and **kwargs: Packing, Unpacking and Forwarding
Learn Python *args and **kwargs: collect any number of arguments, unpack lists and dicts into calls, forward options to other functions, and order parameters.
Python Lambda Functions: Syntax, map, filter and pandas apply
Learn Python lambda functions: one-line syntax, lambda vs def, using lambdas as sort keys, with map and filter, in pandas apply, and the late-binding loop trap.
Python Recursion: Base Case, Call Stack and Nested Data
Learn Python recursion step by step: base case and recursive case, how the call stack works, summing nested sales trees, recursion limits and caching results.
Python Variable Scope: LEGB Rule, global and nonlocal Explained
Learn Python variable scope with the LEGB rule: local, enclosing, global and built-in names, the global and nonlocal keywords, and the UnboundLocalError trap.
Python Modules and Imports: import, from, as and __name__
Learn Python modules and imports: import, from-import and aliases, writing your own module, how sys.path finds files, the __name__ guard and stdlib modules.
Python Packages: __init__.py, Subpackages and Relative Imports
Learn Python packages: how a folder of modules becomes a package, what __init__.py does, dotted and relative imports, __all__, and a clean project layout.
Python Type Hints: Annotations, list[int], Optional and mypy
Learn Python type hints for 3.12+: annotate variables and functions, list[str] and dict[str, float], X | None, TypedDict, type aliases and checking with mypy.
Python Tutorial · Python Files and Errors
Python File Handling: open(), Read, Write, Append and with
Learn Python file handling: open() modes r, w, a and x, the with statement, reading line by line, writing and appending, encodings, pathlib and StringIO.
Python CSV: Read and Write CSV Files with csv and DictReader
Learn to read and write CSV files in Python: csv.reader and writer, DictReader and DictWriter, quoted commas, newline='', Excel's utf-8-sig and pandas read_csv.
Python JSON: loads, dumps, Files and Nested Data Explained
Work with JSON in Python: json.loads and json.dumps, reading and writing JSON files, type mapping, Hindi text, dates, nested API data and pandas json_normalize.
Python Exception Handling: try, except, else, finally and raise
Learn Python exception handling: try and except, catching specific errors, else and finally, raising errors, the exception hierarchy and messy data rows.
Python Custom Exceptions: Create Your Own Exception Classes
Learn Python custom exceptions: define your own error classes, build a hierarchy, add fields like row and column, chain errors and report bad data rows.
Python Tutorial · Python OOP
Python Classes and Objects: __init__, self, Attributes, Methods
Learn Python classes and objects: the class keyword, __init__ and self, instance vs class attributes, methods, __repr__ and classmethod, with sales examples.
Python Inheritance: Parent and Child Classes, super() and MRO
Learn Python inheritance: parent and child classes, method overriding, super(), multilevel and multiple inheritance, MRO, mixins and composition.
Python Polymorphism: Duck Typing, Method Overriding and ABCs
Learn Python polymorphism: one interface for many classes, method overriding, duck typing, abstract base classes, Protocol and singledispatch, with examples.
Python Operator Overloading: Magic Methods __add__ and __eq__
Learn Python operator overloading with magic methods: __add__, __radd__, __eq__, __lt__, __len__, __getitem__, __str__ and __repr__, using a Money class.
Python Dataclasses: @dataclass, field(), frozen and __post_init__
Learn Python dataclasses: @dataclass, default values, field(default_factory), __post_init__ validation, frozen and order options, asdict and pandas.
Python Tutorial · Advanced Python
Python Iterators: iter(), next() and the Iterator Protocol
Learn Python iterators: iterable vs iterator, iter() and next(), StopIteration, how for loops work, custom __iter__ and __next__, exhaustion and itertools.
Python Generators: yield, Generator Expressions and Pipelines
Learn Python generators: how yield pauses a function, generator expressions, memory savings, lazy data pipelines, yield from and infinite sequences.
Python Closures: Nested Functions, nonlocal and Factories
Learn Python closures: nested functions that remember outer variables, __closure__ cells, nonlocal state, function factories and the late-binding loop trap.
Python Decorators: @ Syntax, functools.wraps and Real Examples
Learn Python decorators step by step: functions that wrap functions, the @ syntax, functools.wraps, decorators with arguments, stacking, and lru_cache.
Python Regex Tutorial: The re Module with Practical Examples
Learn Python regular expressions with the re module: search, findall, sub, groups, named groups, greedy vs lazy, flags and regex in pandas, with real data.
Python datetime Tutorial: strftime, timedelta and Time Zones
Learn the Python datetime module: date, time, datetime and timedelta, strftime and strptime format codes, date maths, IST time zones and pandas dates.
Python random Module: randint, choice, shuffle, seed and More
Learn the Python random module: random(), randint, choice, choices, sample, shuffle and seed, Monte Carlo simulation, fake test data, secrets and numpy.
Python Tutorial · Python Career
Python Projects for Beginners: 10 Ideas with Starter Code
10 Python projects for beginners, from a guessing game to a pandas sales report, each with a step-by-step outline and runnable starter code to build on.
Python Interview Questions: 25 Answers with Runnable Code
25 Python interview questions with short worked answers and runnable code: mutability, copies, scope, decorators, generators, OOP, errors and coding rounds.
SQL Tutorial · SQL Basics
What is SQL? Databases, Tables and RDBMS Explained Simply
What is SQL? Learn how relational databases store tables, what an RDBMS does, and run your first real SQL query in Python with zero setup needed.
SQL Data Types: INT, DECIMAL, VARCHAR and DATE Explained
SQL data types explained: integers, DECIMAL for money, VARCHAR, DATE and BOOLEAN, with MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite differences you can run.
SQL CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE: Syntax with Examples
Learn SQL CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE with runnable examples: columns, constraints, foreign keys, adding and renaming columns, and SQLite limits.
SQL INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE: Add and Change Data Safely
SQL INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE explained with runnable examples, a safe transaction routine, upserts, and the missing WHERE mistake to avoid.
SQL SELECT and WHERE: Filter Rows with Clear Examples
Master SQL SELECT and WHERE: comparison operators, AND/OR precedence, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE and IS NULL, with runnable examples on a retail database.
SQL ORDER BY, LIMIT and DISTINCT: Sort and Trim Results
Learn SQL ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET and DISTINCT with runnable examples: multi-column sorts, NULL ordering, top-N lists and page-by-page results.
SQL for Data Analysis: SELECT, GROUP BY and JOIN with Examples
Learn SQL for data analysis with runnable examples: SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING and JOIN, plus the query order that explains common errors.
SQL Tutorial · SQL Queries
SQL Aggregate Functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN and MAX
SQL aggregate functions explained: COUNT(*) vs COUNT(column), SUM, AVG, MIN and MAX, how NULLs change results, and conditional totals you can run.
SQL GROUP BY and HAVING: Group, Summarise and Filter Totals
Learn SQL GROUP BY and HAVING with runnable examples: totals per store, multi-column groups, WHERE vs HAVING, and the ungrouped column trap.
SQL Joins Explained: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN
SQL joins explained with runnable examples: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN, anti-joins, three-table joins and the ON vs WHERE filter trap.
SQL Self Join and Cross Join: Examples, Uses and Pitfalls
Learn SQL self join and cross join with runnable examples: employee-manager lists, comparing rows, and complete report grids with zeros filled in.
SQL UNION, INTERSECT and EXCEPT: Combine Query Results
SQL UNION vs UNION ALL, INTERSECT and EXCEPT explained with runnable examples, column rules, MySQL and SQLite support, and grand total rows.
SQL Subqueries: Scalar, IN, EXISTS and Correlated Examples
Learn SQL subqueries with runnable examples: scalar values, IN lists, EXISTS, correlated subqueries, derived tables and the NOT IN NULL trap.
SQL CTE (WITH Clause): Common Table Expressions Explained
SQL CTEs explained: WITH clause syntax, chaining multiple CTEs, CTE vs subquery vs view, and recursive CTEs for date ranges and hierarchies.
SQL Window Functions: ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, Running Totals
SQL window functions explained with runnable examples: OVER and PARTITION BY, ROW_NUMBER vs RANK, top N per group, running totals and LAG/LEAD.
SQL CASE WHEN: Conditional Logic in Queries with Examples
Learn SQL CASE WHEN with runnable examples: searched and simple CASE, labelling rows, pivoting with SUM(CASE), custom sorting and the NULL trap.
Handling NULL in SQL: IS NULL, COALESCE, NULLIF Explained
Handle NULL in SQL with confidence: three-valued logic, IS NULL, COALESCE vs IFNULL, NULLIF for divide by zero, and how aggregates skip NULLs.
SQL String Functions: TRIM, SUBSTR, REPLACE, CONCAT and More
SQL string functions with runnable examples: clean names and phone numbers with TRIM, REPLACE and SUBSTR, join text, and SQLite vs MySQL names.
SQL Date Functions: strftime, DATEDIFF and Date Arithmetic
SQL date and time functions explained: extract weekdays, add days, find date gaps, group by week or month, and avoid BETWEEN and UTC-vs-IST bugs.
SQL Tutorial · Database Design
SQL Constraints: Primary Key, Foreign Key, UNIQUE and CHECK
SQL constraints explained with runnable examples: primary and foreign keys, composite keys, UNIQUE, CHECK, NOT NULL and ON DELETE CASCADE options.
Database Normalization: 1NF, 2NF and 3NF Explained Simply
Database normalization explained with a real bill sheet: update, insert and delete anomalies, 1NF, 2NF and 3NF step by step, and when to denormalize.
SQL Indexes Explained: How an Index Speeds Up Your Queries
Learn how SQL indexes work: B-trees, CREATE INDEX, reading EXPLAIN plans, composite indexes and the leftmost prefix rule, and when not to index.
SQL Views: How to Create, Use and Update Views with Examples
Learn SQL views with runnable examples: CREATE VIEW, views for security and reuse, updatable views, WITH CHECK OPTION and materialized views compared.
SQL Transactions and ACID Properties Explained with Examples
SQL transactions explained with runnable code: BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, savepoints, the four ACID properties and isolation levels in MySQL and PostgreSQL.
SQL Stored Procedures and Functions in MySQL and PostgreSQL
Write SQL stored procedures and functions in MySQL and PostgreSQL: IN and OUT parameters, error handling, procedure vs function, and SQLite alternatives.
SQL Triggers Explained: BEFORE, AFTER and INSTEAD OF Examples
Learn SQL triggers with runnable SQLite examples: AFTER INSERT stock updates, audit logs with OLD and NEW, BEFORE checks and INSTEAD OF triggers on views.
SQL Query Optimization: Practical Ways to Speed Up Slow Queries
Speed up slow SQL queries: read EXPLAIN plans, write sargable filters, replace correlated subqueries, fix N+1 queries and use keyset pagination, with timings.
SQL Tutorial · SQL Career
SQL Practice Problems with Solutions: 15 Graded Exercises
Solve 15 graded SQL practice problems with worked solutions on one retail dataset: joins, GROUP BY, HAVING, window functions and data-quality checks.
SQL Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers and Experienced
15 SQL interview questions with model answers and runnable code: WHERE vs HAVING, joins, RANK vs DENSE_RANK, Nth highest, duplicates, ACID and indexes.
R Tutorial · R Basics
What is R Programming? Uses, Features and First Code
What R programming is, who uses it and why analysts love it: vectors, data frames, CRAN packages and your first R code on a real Indore retail dataset.
Install R and RStudio on Windows, macOS and Linux (2026)
Install R and RStudio step by step on Windows, macOS and Ubuntu, check your R version, add packages, and run your first R script without common setup errors.
R Data Types and Variables: numeric, character, logical
Learn R data types and variables: numeric, integer, character and logical, class() vs typeof(), conversion with as.*(), coercion rules, NA, NULL and dates.
R Vectors: Create, Index, Filter and Do Vectorised Maths
Learn R vectors with a week of store sales: create them with c(), seq() and rep(), index by position, name or condition, filter, and use vectorised maths.
R Lists: Create, Access and Modify with $, [[ ]] and [ ]
Learn R lists through a real grocery order: create lists, read elements with $ and [[ ]], see why [ ] differs, add or remove items, and nest and loop.
R Matrices and Arrays: matrix(), Indexing, apply() and More
Learn R matrices and arrays with store-by-category sales: build with matrix(), name rows and columns, index with [i, j], add totals and stack months.
R Data Frames: Create, Filter, Sort and Summarise Tables
Learn R data frames on a real orders table: create and inspect them, pick rows and columns, add columns, filter, sort and total sales with aggregate().
Data Analytics and BI · Data Analytics Foundations
What Does a Data Analyst Do? Daily Work, Tools and Examples
See what a data analyst does each day, the four types of analytics, the tools used (Excel, SQL, Python, Power BI) and a runnable sales case study.
Data Cleaning with Pandas: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners
Clean messy data in pandas step by step: duplicates, wrong types, inconsistent text, missing values and outliers, with runnable code on a real-looking sheet.
Pandas GroupBy and Pivot Tables: Summarise Sales Data Fast
Master pandas groupby, agg, transform, pivot_table and crosstab on a sales dataset, with a clear mapping from Excel pivot tables to pandas code.
Data Analytics and BI · Dashboards and Career
Dashboard Design in Power BI: KPI Layout, Charts and Slicers
Design KPI dashboards that people use: choosing KPIs, layout, chart choice and colour, plus Power BI data models, measures and slicers explained simply.
Data Analyst Roadmap: How to Become a Data Analyst from Scratch
A step-by-step data analyst roadmap: skills to learn, a six-month timeline, portfolio projects, interview prep and how classroom training in Indore helps.
Excel and Macros Tutorial · Excel for Data Analysis
Excel for Data Analysis: A Beginner's Guide for Microsoft 365
Learn Excel for data analysis: the five-step workflow, tidy layouts, Excel Tables, cell references and version differences, plus a map of the 13-part series.
Excel Formulas and Functions: SUM, AVERAGE, COUNTIFS, SUMIFS
Excel formulas and functions explained with a distributor's sales sheet: SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, wildcards, date criteria and error values.
Excel IF Function with IFS, AND, OR: Logical Formulas Explained
Master the Excel IF function with IFS, AND, OR, SWITCH and IFERROR, using discount slabs and delivery rules from a real-looking Indian sales sheet.
XLOOKUP vs VLOOKUP vs INDEX MATCH in Excel, with Examples
XLOOKUP vs VLOOKUP vs INDEX MATCH: syntax, exact and approximate match, left lookups, last match, two-criteria lookups and which one to use in which version.
Excel Text and Date Functions for Cleaning Data: TRIM to EOMONTH
Excel text and date functions for messy exports: TRIM, PROPER, MID, TEXTSPLIT, SUBSTITUTE, date serials, EOMONTH, NETWORKDAYS and the Indian financial year.
Data Cleaning in Excel: Duplicates, TRIM, Flash Fill, Validation
Data cleaning in Excel step by step: fix spaces and spelling, convert text numbers, fill blanks, remove duplicates, use Flash Fill and add Data Validation.
Excel Pivot Tables Tutorial: Build, Group, Slice and Refresh
Excel pivot tables tutorial with a sales example: create a pivot, use Rows, Columns, Values and Filters, show percentages, group dates, add slicers and refresh.
Excel Charts and Dashboard Tutorial: Build a Sales Dashboard
Learn which Excel chart to use, then build a sales dashboard with KPI cells, SUMIFS, pivot charts, slicers and sparklines that updates when data changes.
Power Query in Excel: Import, Clean and Combine Data Easily
Learn Power Query in Excel step by step: import CSVs, trim and fix types, unpivot, append and merge tables, combine a folder of files and refresh in one click.
Excel and Macros Tutorial · Excel Macros and VBA
Excel Macros Tutorial: Record, Run and Save .xlsm Files
Record your first Excel macro, use relative references, add a button, save as .xlsm, use the Personal Macro Workbook and set Trust Center macro security safely.
Excel VBA Basics: Variables, Loops and the Range Object
Learn Excel VBA from zero: the VBA editor, Option Explicit, Dim and data types, the object model, Range and Cells, loops, If, functions and error handling.
Automate Excel Reports with VBA: 5 Practical Macros to Use
Five ready-to-adapt VBA macros that clean data, build a summary, split sheets by area, refresh queries and export a dated PDF, run from one safe master button.
Excel Interview Questions for Data Analysts (With Answers)
19 Excel interview questions for data analysts with model answers on references, lookups, pivot tables, Power Query and VBA, plus how to ace the practical test.
Tally and GST Tutorial · Tally Basics
What is TallyPrime? Features, Uses and How It Works
What is TallyPrime? Learn what Tally does, how masters, vouchers and reports fit together, editions, Educational mode and what's new in TallyPrime 7.2.
Create a Company, Groups and Ledgers in TallyPrime
Step-by-step: create a company in TallyPrime, set F11 features, understand the 28 predefined groups and create ledgers with opening balances for a real trader.
Voucher Entry in TallyPrime: Sales, Purchase, Payment, Receipt
Learn voucher entry in TallyPrime with one month of worked entries: sales, purchase, payment, receipt, contra and journal vouchers, with keys and examples.
Inventory in TallyPrime: Stock Items, Units and Godowns
Set up inventory in TallyPrime: stock groups, categories, simple and compound units, godowns and stock items with opening stock, plus how vouchers move stock.
TallyPrime Reports: Day Book, Trial Balance, P&L, Balance Sheet
Read TallyPrime reports with a worked month: Day Book, ledger, Trial Balance, Profit & Loss A/c and Balance Sheet, plus the keys to filter, detail and export.
TallyPrime Shortcut Keys: Full List Every Accountant Uses
TallyPrime shortcut keys for vouchers, reports and navigation in release 7.2: F4 to F9, Alt+G, Ctrl+A and the keys that changed from Tally.ERP 9.
Tally and GST Tutorial · GST in Tally
GST Basics in India: CGST, SGST, IGST and Input Tax Credit
Learn GST basics in India: CGST, SGST and IGST with ₹ examples, the 5% and 18% rates since September 2025, input tax credit rules and registration limits.
GST in TallyPrime: Setup, Tax Ledgers and Your First GST Invoice
Set up GST in TallyPrime 7.2 step by step: enable GST with F11, create CGST, SGST and IGST ledgers, set HSN and rates, and record a GST sales invoice.
GST Returns Explained: GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, GSTR-2B and Due Dates
GSTR-1, GSTR-1A, GSTR-2B and GSTR-3B explained with due dates, IMS, late fees, a worked ITC set-off example and monthly reconciliation steps in TallyPrime.
Tally and GST Interview Questions for Accountants (with Answers)
Tally and GST interview questions with short answers: ledger groups, voucher keys, CGST vs IGST, ITC, GSTR-1 vs GSTR-3B and GSTR-2B reconciliation.